conly



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

S 0 .M M Y ND OR 0 P m R E V 0 G q Au 0 M 0 w No. 459,810. PatentedSept. 22,1891.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M. S. GONLY.

GOVERNOR FOR DYNAMOS.

No. 459,810. Patented Sept. 22, 1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MAHLON S. CONLY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR- OF T\VO-TllIRDS TOEDIVIN O. ABBOTT AND FREDERICK II. KILBOURN, OF SAME PLACE.

GOVERNOR FOR DYNAMOS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 459,810, datedSeptember 22, 1891.

Application filed December 23, 1890. Serial No. 375,587. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAHLON S. CoNLY, a citizen of the United States,anda resident of the city of Chicago, county of Cook, and State ofIllinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governorsfor Dynamos, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in that class of governors for dynamos which are IO automatically operated through the influence of thedynamo-current to change or alter the voltage or electro-motive force ofsuch current with each change in the condition of the circuit operatedthereby. Such governors I 5 may be employed in connection with dynamosoperating line-circuits for any use, but are especially designed andadapted for use upon dynamos operating arc-light circuits, and it istherefore this use which is illustrated in the drawings and will beinstanced in the specification for clearness of description' and toafford a perfect understanding of the purpose of the invention.

It is well known that substantially the same amprage of current isrequired to operate one or two are lights that is required for a dozenor more lights; but the voltage or elec tro-motive force required isconsiderably less and unless changed with each change in the conditionor resistance of the linecircuit great wasteage of energy occurs,besides involving danger of injury to apparatus included in the line andto the dynamo, as well as to persons and property. It is therefore 3 5the purpose of this class of regulators or governors to automaticallyincrease or decrease the voltage or electro-motive force of the currentproduced by the dynamo in proportion to the work to be performed by suchcurrent, so that when once the current is proportioned for operating acircuit of a given resistance any change in the resistance or any changein the speed of the armature which results in a change in the amprage ofthe current will be almost instantly compensated for by a correspondingchange in the voltage or electromotive force of the current through theinstrumentality of the regulator or governor, thus automaticallyadjusting the current to the new conditions of the circuit. Thisresulthas been accomplished more or less cffectually by many differentforms of apparatus, some of which operate to shift or change theposition of the commutator-brushes, some to introduce resistance in thecircuit corresponding with the unused apparatus, and others to changethe field'magnet, while still. others operate to change the speed of thearmature; but none of the prior forms of apparatus are capable ofaccomplishing the desired result, except through the instrumentality ofthe particular organisms with which they are especially designed toco-operate, beside which the prior devices, so far as I am aware, aremore or less complicated and expensive in addition to being uncertain inoperation, for the actuating power in all cases is indirectly appliedthrough the intervention of spring-actuated levers, magnets, and movablecontact-points, all of which contribute to the uncertainty of theoperation of the device.

The prime Object of this invention is to have a governor capable ofusein connection with any dynamo-electric machine that is capable ofcontrolling or regulating the elec- 7 5 tric current in any manner inwhich that result has heretofore been accomplished, and which appliesthe power directly to the part to be affected or actuated without theintervention of levers or any equivalent device.

Another object of this invention is to have a governor comprising aseries of electro-mag. nets constantly energized by the current from thedynamo and an armature common to all of said magnets and co-operatingwit-l1 the same, so as to increase or decrease the Volt age orelectro-motive force of the current with each change in theline-circuit.

A further object is to have a governor comprising a series ofelectro-magnets constantly o energized by the dynamo-current and anarmature common to all of said magnets, one of which organisms isnormally stationary but rotatable and the other continuously rotating,whereby with every change in the lin ecircuit, producing a correspondingchange in the magnetism of said magnets, the normally stationaryorganism will be influenced to partially rotate by thecontinuously-rotating organism, thus instantly operating to produce acorresponding change in the voltage or electro-motive force of thedynamo-current.

IOO

A still further object is to have the governor of such character that itmay be readily adjusted to any initial current and so sensitive as to beinstantly operated by any change in the initial current to change thevoltage or electro-motive force of the current to compensate for thevariation in the initial current, whereby a constant and uniformcurrent: is produced, notwithstanding; but, on the contrary;corresponding with changes in the initial current. These objects areattained by the devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure 1 represents a face view of a governor embodying myinvention; Fig. 2, a central vertical section thereof; Fig. 3, a planview of a dynamo with my governor applied thereto for governing thecurrent through the intermediary of the commutator-brushes; Fig. 4, atransverse vertical section on the line at at of Fig. 3; Fig. 5, adiagram showing the government of the current through the fields of adynamo, and Fig. 0 a similar view showing the current governed byresistance introduced into or cut out of the line-circuit by thegovernor.

Similar letters of reference indicate the same parts in the severalfigures of the d rawings.

As before stated, my governor is not only capable of use in connectionwith any dynamoelectric machine, but is adapted for governing thecurrent in many different ways, in fact, in any way in which the currenthas heretofore been governed. This governor comprises a disk wheel, orring A ofany suitable construction, mounted concentrically with the axisof the armature-shaft- B, either upon a separate journal or upon anextension of the bushing O, which lines the bearing of the armatureshaftin order that the wheel may not be affected by the rotation of thearmature-shaft, the latter method of journaling the wheel beingpreferable on account of the compactness and simplicity of theconstruction, which avoids the employment of separate and extra partsinvolving additional expense and uncertainty of operation through pooror disturbed adjustment. To this wheel, ring, or disk is secured aseries of electro-magnets D, projecting inwardly and radially therefromand terminating at equal distances from the axis of the wheel, whichlatter constitutes a common heel-piece for all of the magnets, the coilsof which are so connected with the line-wires E of the outside or linecircuit that the polarities of the magnets alternate with each other.Thus it will be seen that each magnet has on each side of it a magnet ofop posite polaritythat is to say, if its pole is north the poles of themagnets on each side of it will be south-so that each magnet serves toco-operate with the magnets at each side thereof, to successively forman ordinary electro-magnet of two poles, and operating to attract anarmature when current is flowing through the magnet; and as all thecoils are connected in and in fact form part of the line-circuitoperated by the dynamo, all of the current generated by the machinenecessarily passes through the coils and energizes the electro magnetsbut in large machines where heavy currents are generated a shunt may beused and only a part of the current taken. For these electro-magnets Iprovide a series of armatures E, which become common to all of themagnets of the series by be ing revolved or traveled past themcontinually in rapid succession, each armature being successively actedupon by each pair of magnets. These armatures preferably consist ofsegmental iron pieces, laminated and having a comb-like structure incross-section, for the purpose of providing air-spaces for cooling them.They are mounted upon and carried. by a wheel F, whichis keyed to thearmature shaft and revolves therewith, being of such diameter that thearm atures carried thereby travel in close proximity to but withoutactually making contact with the poles of all themagnetsinsuccessiveorder. I'l'encewhenever the current is flowing theelectro-magnets are energized, and theirattraction for therapidlyrevolving armatures induces a partial rotation of the wheelcarrying the electro-magnets, which partial rotation differs in degreewith the strength or amprage of the current, which in creases anddecreases the attractive rorce of the magnets for the armatures. Thispartial rotation or movement of the governor-wheel is utilized foroperating the different devices employed for controlling or governingthe voltage or electro-motive force of the current, and in order thatdifferent and in fact any desirable voltage or electro-motive force maybe selected for the normal current, the partial rotation of thegovernor-wheel should be opposed by some adjustable force, such as aspring or the eounterpoise or weight G, adjustable upon the arm ll,projecting radially from one side of the governorwheel, by means ofwhich the attractive force of the governor-magnets with any desirableinitial current may be exactly counterbalanced and practically nullifiedso far as its effect upon the wheel with relation to the devicesoperated thereby is concerned. ll'ence after the counterpoise isadjusted to balance the attractive force of the magnets, this balancewill not be disturbed as long as theresistance in the line-circuit andthe speed of the armature remains the same, for the strength of thecurrent produced by the machine will remain substantially the same, butimmediately the resistance in the lincoireuit is changed, (the speed ofthe armature being maintained,) although the electro-motive force of thecurrent will remain the same, the quantity or amprage of the currentwill be changed, causing a corresponding increase or decrease in theattraction of the electro-magnets of the governor sufficient to disturbthe balance between such attraction and the counterpoise, either byacting against so as to overcome the ITO countcrpoise and move thegovernor-wheel in one direction, so as to actuate the governing devicesto reduce the electro-motive force or voltage of the current, or elseacting with and permitting the connterpoise to move the governor Wheelin the opposite direction and thereby actuate the current-controllingdevices to increase the eiectro-motive force or voltage of the current.Thus it will be understood that any change in the strength or amprage ofthe current from any cause whatever will be almost instantly compensatedfor by a change of electro-motive force or voltage, the governor-wheelassuming a new position with each change of the current, in each ofwhich positions it is balanced by the counterpoise, although the latterremains out of its normal position until the resistance is restored tothe normal for the initial current; but there is no limit to the numberof changes in the position of the governonwheel,

which may take place continually in one direction according to thecontinued increase or decrease of the current-strength, due to changingconditions in the line-circuit or armature-speed or alternately inopposite direetions, for the governor will respond to every change ofthe cmrent-strength.

As before mentioned, there are many ways in which the voltage orelectro-motive force of the current maybe controlled and changed and themovement of my governor may be utilized to effect this result. Forinstance, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4:, the governorwheel may beconnected by rods I with the yoke J, carryingthe brushes K of thedynamo, so that with each change in the strength of the current theposition of the brushes upon the dynamo will be shifted either toward oraway from the neutral point, according to whether the strength of thecurrent is increased or decreased, causing a corresponding change in thevoltage or electro-motive force of the current.

To govern the current by changing the strength of the field-magnets, Iprovide two series of contact-points L, connected, respectively, bybranch wires M with different sections or coils of the field-magnetcoils, and successively engaged by moving contactpoints N, carried bybut insulated from the governor-Wheel, and connected with the respectivebrushes 0 by Wires P. hen the governor-wheel moves as arcsult of achange in the current-strength, the contact-points carried thereby movefrom one stationary contact-point to the other, according to thedirection in which the wheel moves, thus cutting outor into the circuitmore or less of the coils or sections of the field-magnets, which, as inthe movement of the commutatorbrushes, produces a corresponding changein the voltage or electro-motive force of the current. A

In Fig. 6 I have illustrated the introduction of resistance into theline-circuit by means of a moving contact-point Q, carried by butinsulated from the governor-ring, and with which is connected theline-wire, this contact being adapted and arranged to successivelyengage a series of stationary contact-points R, each connected with aresistance coil S, which coils are connected with one another, and oneof them connected with the line-wire T, much after the arrangement of anordinary rheostat or resistance-box. \Vhile this arrangement does notserve to change the voltage or electro-motive force of the currentaccording to the changes of the currentstrength, it accomplishes thesame end by introducing resistance into the line-circuit correspondingwith the cut-out or unused lights or other instruments. It is alsoobvious that the movement of the governor-wheel may be readily adaptedby one skilled in the art to operate the governor of the engine drivingthe dynamo, and thus by changing the armaturespeed effect the desiredresult, and in fact this movement of the governor-wheel, which takesplace with every change in the currentstrength, may be utilized togovern the current in any manner in which it is possible to effect suchregulation.

Beside the simplicity and durability of its construction a governorconstruced in accord ance with myinvention possesses the advan-. tagesof certainty of operation and of a sensitiveness that enables it topromptly respond to the slightest change in the strength of the currentgoverned thereby, due to changing conditions of: the lineecircuit or forany other reason.

Obviously different arrangements of the elements or organisms of myinvention may be effected without departing from the spirit thereofsuch,for instance, as revolving the magnets and leaving the armaturestationary\vhich is a reversal of the present arrangement, or by havingthe armature work upon the outside instead of the inside of the seriesof magnets, an obvious modification which would produce the same result;nor is it necessary that either the armature or the governor-wheelshould be supported by or mounted upon and driven by the armature shaftfor any other means of supporting and operating these organisms, so thatone is revolved in proximity to the other, would come within the scopeof my invention.

In an application filed by me August 25, 1890, Serial No. 863,000, whichsaid application was allowed on the 19th day of September, 1890,.lhavcdescribed and claimed my governor when employed for controlling thecurrent through the medium of the commutator-brushes;butin thisapplication Idesire to claim, broadly, the governor when combined with adynamo in any manner by which a change in the current strength willproduce a corresponding change in the voltage or electro-motivc force ofthe current produced by the dynamo.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s

1. The combination, with a dynamo, of a governor comprising a series ofelectro-magnets included in the dynamo circuit or a shunt thereof, andan armature common to all of said magnets, one of said organisms beingnormally stationary but rotatable and the other continuously rotating,whereby with every change of current strength the voltage orelectro-motive force of the current produced by the dynamo willbecorrespondingly altered, substantially as and for the purpose described.

The combinatiomwith a dynamo and a current-controlling apparatus, of agovernor comprising a series of electro-inagnets included in thedynamo-circuitor a shunt thereof, and an armuture common to all of saidmagnets, one of said organisms being normally stationary but rotatableand the other continuously rotating, and a connection between thenormally-stationary organism and the current-controlling apparatus,whereby every change in the current strength produces a correspondingchange in the voltage or electro-motive force of the current,substantially as described. 7

The combination, with a dynamo, of a governor comprising a rotatable butnormally-stationary series of electro-magnets included in thedynamo-circuit, and acontinuonsly-rotating armature common to all ofsaid magnets and working in proximity thereto, substantially asdescribed.

4. The combination, with a dynamo and a current-controlling apparatus,of a governor comprising a rotatable but normally-stationary series ofelectro-magnets included in the dynamo-circuit, acontinuously-rotatingarmature common to all of said magnets and work ing in proximitythereto, and a connection between the support for the series of magnetsand the current-controlling apparatus, whereby every change in thecurrent strength produces a corresponding change in the current producedby the dynamo, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with a dynamo and a current-controlling apparatus,of a governor comprising a rotatable but normally-stationary series ofelectro-magnets included in the dynamo-circuit, a rotating armaturecommon to all of said magnets mounted upon and carried by thearmature-shaft of the dynamo in proximity to the poles of said magnets,and a connection between the support of said series of magnets and thecurrent-controlling apparatus, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a dynamo and a current-controlling apparatus,of a governor comprising a series of electro-magnets included in thedynamo-circuit, a rotatable but normally-stationary support thereformounted upon an axis common to the armatureshaft of the dynamo, anarmature common to all of said magnets mounted upon the armature-shaftof the dynamo and working in proximity to the poles of said magnets, anda connection between the support for said magnets and thecurrent-controlling apparatus, substantially as described.

'7. The combination, with a dynamo, of a governor comprising a wheelconnected with the dynamo, but loosely journaled upon the armature-shaftand carrying a circumferential series of electro-magnets included in thedynamo-circuit, and an armature common to all of said magnets mountedupon and carried by the armature-shaft of the dynamo in proximity to thepoles of said magnets, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with a dynamo, of a governor comprisin g a wheelconnected with the dynamo, but loosely journaled upon the axis of thearmature-shaft and carrying a circumferential series of elcctro-magnetsincluded in the dynamo-circuit, for which the wheel constitutes a commonheel-piece, and an armature common to all of said magnets mounted uponand carried by the armatureshaftof the dynamoin proximity to the polesof said magnets, substantially as described.

9. The combination, with a dynamo, of a governor comprising a wheelconnected with the current-controlling apparatus, but loosely journaledupon the axis of the armature-shaft and carrying a circumferentialseries of electro-magnets, for which the wheel constitutes a commonheel-piece, said magnet having alternate polarities, and an armaturecommon to all of said magnets mounted upon and carried by thearmature-shaft of the dynamo in proximity to the poles of said magnets,substantially as described.

10. The combination, with a dynamo, of a governor comprising a wheelconnected with the current-controlling apparatus, but loosely journaledupon the axis of the armature-shaft and carrying a circumferentialseries of electro-magnets included in the dynamo-circuit, a counterpoisefor said wheel, and an armature common to all of said magnets mountedupon and carried by the armature-shaft of the dynamo in proximity to thepoles of said magnets, substantially as described.

11. The combination, with a dynamo, of a governor comprising a wheelconnected with the current-controlling apparatus, but loosely journaledupon the axis of the armature-shaft and carryinga circumferential seriesof electro-inagnets included in the dynamo-circuit, an adjustablecounterpoisc for said wheel, and an armature common to all said magnetsmounted upon and carried by the armature-shaft of the dynamo inproximity to the poles of said magnets, substantially as described.

MAHLON s. CONLY.

Witnesses:

R. C. ()MOI-IUNDRO, J AMES R. Soorr.

